Learn Thailand before you go
10 phrases to learn
In Thai. Capital letters show the stressed part. Tap the heart to practise a phrase later.
At the table
- Most Thais eat with a spoon in the right hand and a fork in the left, using the fork to push food onto the spoon. Knives are not generally used at the table.
- Chopsticks are used mainly for noodle soups and Chinese-style dishes.
- Dishes are shared by everyone at the table and eaten with rice. Thais like to mix a little of each dish with the rice on their own plate.
- In the north and northeast, sticky rice is rolled into small balls with your fingers, traditionally of the right hand, and dipped into the other dishes.
Local tips
Dress modestly at temples
Cover your shoulders and knees: a shirt with sleeves, and long trousers or a skirt below the knee. The Grand Palace and Wat Phra Kaew in Bangkok have a strict dress code at the entrance.
Shoes off, and step over the threshold
Take your shoes off before entering a temple hall or a Thai home; there are racks outside. Step over the raised threshold of a temple door rather than on it, and take off hats and sunglasses inside.
Respect Buddha images
When you sit in front of a Buddha image, tuck your feet behind you so they never point towards it. Walk around Buddha images and other sacred objects clockwise, and do not turn your back to them.
Women should not touch monks
Monks may not be touched by women, not even their robes. A woman who wants to give a monk something can place it down for him to pick up, or hand it to a man to pass on.
Respect the monarchy
Always speak respectfully about the King and the royal family, and treat their images with respect, including on banknotes and coins. Insulting, defaming or threatening the King, the Queen, the heir or the regent is a crime under Thai law, with prison sentences of three to fifteen years for each offence.
Stand for the anthems
In cinemas the royal anthem is played before the film, and audiences are expected to stand; visitors should do the same. The national anthem is broadcast every day at 8:00 and 18:00, when flags are raised and lowered in public places; stop and stand still if you hear it.
Mind your head and feet
The head is seen as the highest part of the body and the feet as the lowest. Do not touch anyone's head, not even a child's, and do not point at people or things with your feet or put your feet up on furniture.
Return a wai
The traditional greeting is the wai: palms pressed together with a slight bow. Return a wai offered by someone older or of similar standing, but do not start one with someone younger than you. When a shop cashier gives you a wai, a smile or a nod is the usual reply.
Dishes to try
- Pad thai (ผัดไทย): Stir-fried rice noodles with egg, tofu or prawns, bean sprouts and spring onions, seasoned with tamarind, fish sauce and a little sugar, and served with crushed peanuts and a wedge of lime.
- Tom yum kung (ต้มยำกุ้ง): A hot and sour prawn soup flavoured with lemongrass, galangal, kaffir lime leaves, chillies, lime juice and fish sauce. It comes in a clear version, tom yum nam sai, and a creamy one, tom yum nam khon.
- Green curry (แกงเขียวหวาน): A coconut milk curry made with a paste of fresh green chillies, usually with chicken or fish balls, Thai aubergines and sweet basil. It is often hotter than red curry.
- Massaman curry (แกงมัสมั่น): A rich, mild curry of coconut milk with warm spices such as cardamom, cinnamon and cloves, usually made with chicken or beef, potatoes, onions and peanuts.
- Tom kha kai (ต้มข่าไก่): A creamy chicken soup made with coconut milk and galangal, flavoured with lemongrass, kaffir lime leaves, mushrooms, fish sauce and lime juice. It is milder and sweeter than tom yum.
- Pad kaphrao (holy basil stir-fry) (ผัดกะเพรา): Minced pork or chicken stir-fried with garlic, chillies and holy basil, served over rice and often topped with a crispy fried egg. It is one of the most popular everyday dishes in the country.
- Khao pad (Thai fried rice) (ข้าวผัด): Jasmine rice fried with egg, onion, garlic and chicken, prawns, pork or crab, seasoned with fish sauce and soy sauce, and served with cucumber, lime and a small bowl of chillies in fish sauce.
- Som tam (green papaya salad) (ส้มตำ): Shredded unripe papaya pounded in a mortar with chillies, garlic, lime juice, fish sauce, palm sugar, tomatoes, long beans and peanuts. It is sour, spicy, salty and sweet all at once.
Cities to see
- Bangkok (capital): The Grand Palace and the Emerald Buddha, Wat Arun and Wat Pho, Street food.
- Ayutthaya: The ruins of the old capital, Boat trips around the island, A Buddha head held in the roots of a tree.
- Sukhothai: Sukhothai Historical Park, Stupas shaped like lotus buds, Lotus ponds among the ruins.
- Chiang Mai: More than a hundred temples, Wat Phra That Doi Suthep on the mountain above the city, The Night Bazaar and Sunday market.
- Chiang Rai: Wat Rong Khun, the White Temple, The Golden Triangle, where Thailand, Laos and Myanmar meet, about 55 km to the north.
- Nakhon Ratchasima (Korat): The monument to Thao Suranari, a local heroine, Isan food such as som tam and larb, The nearby Khao Yai National Park.